Introduction to Philosophy

**Lesson Bundle Overview**

The bundle provides an in-depth exploration of yoga’s philosophies and
practices, with objectives designed to enhance understanding of the
foundational principles guiding various branches of this discipline.

**What is Yoga and Its Purposes?**

Participants will delve into yoga’s rich philosophical depth and
practice, gaining insight into diverse perspectives on its goals.
Understanding these purposes can reveal yoga not merely as a physical
practice but as a holistic journey toward self-realization and
transformation.

**Foundational Philosophies of Yoga**

This section focuses on three primary philosophies: Samkhya, Advaita
Vedanta, and Tantra, integral to the yoga tradition. The Samkhya philosophy
presents a dualistic approach that contrasts with the non-dualistic views of
Advaita Vedanta, which emphasizes the oneness of consciousness. Tantra is
defined through its practices aimed at transcending dualism and accessing
deeper states of awareness. By comprehending these philosophies,
practitioners can appreciate the diverse paths available within yoga.

**Introduction to The Bhagavad Gita**

The Bhagavad Gita stands as a key text within yoga philosophy, featuring a
profound dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna that explores duty, ethics, and
spirituality. Participants will explore its structure and central themes,
particularly focusing on Arjuna’s moral dilemma in battle and concepts like
detachment and renunciation. The Gita’s teachings on yoga as a means for
self-discovery are pivotal for anyone interested in yoga philosophy.

**Historical Context of the Yoga Sutras**

This lesson examines the context surrounding Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras.
Understanding its authorship, the significance of the sutra style, and the
challenges of translating these teachings into English is essential. The
relationship between the Yoga Sutras and Buddhist philosophy will also be
highlighted, providing a richer backdrop for exploring these teachings.

**Overview of the Yoga Sutras**

Participants will gain familiarity with the Yoga Sutras’ structure and
purpose through an overview that includes definitions of key terms and a
description of its four books. The session will delineate the number of
sutras, their themes, and how they serve the overall mission of yoga
philosophy.

**Understanding Kleshas**

The lesson on kleshas introduces obstacles on the path to enlightenment.
Participants will learn translations and definitions of various kleshas such
as avidya (misunderstanding), asmita (ego), raga (attachment), dvesha
(aversion), and abhinivesha (fear of death). The philosophy surrounding
kleshas is key to recognizing the intellectual and emotional barriers that
prevent clarity and wisdom.

**The Eight Limbs of Yoga**

An overview of the Eight Limbs outlines the intention and practices
associated with each aspect: yama (restraints), niyama (observances), asana
(postures), pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (withdrawal of the
senses), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi (state of
bliss). The distinction between the first five limbs and the last three is
emphasized, showcasing the foundational importance of ethical practices in
yoga philosophy.

**Yamas and Niyamas**

This lesson focuses on yamas and niyamas, presenting each limb’s ethical
implications and their roles within yoga practice. The importance of moral
conduct and internal versus external effects will be analyzed. Each
yama—such as ahimsa (non-violence) and satya (truth)—and niyama—such as
saucha (purity) and santosha (contentment)—will be defined and
contextualized, offering considerations for their application in teaching
yoga philosophy.

For a deeper exploration of yoga philosophy and more detailed insights,
readers are encouraged to visit [Ashtanga Tech’s Study
Guide](https://ashtanga.tech/study-guide/humanities/philosophy/philosophy-intro/).