Understanding the Kleshas: An Introduction

The philosophy of kleshas is
fundamental to understanding The Yoga Sutras, particularly addressing the
essential inquiry: “Why should we practice yoga?” Kleshas, or
obstacles to spiritual growth, signify underlying tendencies that often go
unnoticed. B.K.S. Iyengar identifies kleshas as rooted in various aspects of
our being; intellectual obstacles include avidya (ignorance) and asmita
(egoism), emotional veils encompass raga (attachment) and dvesha (aversion),
while abhinivesha (fear of death) represents an instinctual affliction. As we
become more entrenched in the material world, these kleshas obscure our
inherent wisdom, complicating our paths to spiritual enlightenment.

Patanjali’s teachings classify the five kleshas—avidya, asmita, raga,
dvesha, and abhinivesha—as core challenges in yoga psychology. They form
the crux of our pain and discontent, driven by a misdirected search for
fulfillment outside ourselves. Rolf Gates articulates that these afflictions
lead us further from our true identities and into a cycle of dissatisfaction.
Engaging with these afflictions encourages practitioners to look inward
rather than seeking superficial solutions in external circumstances.

In-depth exploration of kleshas suggests that emotional and intellectual
defects can hinder personal growth. According to Iyengar, cultivating
awareness in the body and mind allows practitioners to overcome these
defects, fostering mental balance and emotional health. The Yoga Sutras
highlight that kleshas may be so ingrained in our psyche that recognizing
them requires conscious effort. Even practitioners on advanced paths may
wrestle with the remnants of these afflictions, as they manifest in various
aspects of life.

Kleshas also resonate within the domain of depth psychology, revealing a
disconnect between one’s inner life and external circumstances. Swami
Satyananda Saraswati illustrates that true happiness transcends material
wealth and social standing, emphasizing that inner contentment is not
contingent on outer success. This notion reinforces the understanding that
kleshas are persistent and often unconscious sources of pain. As we engage
with higher consciousness through yoga, we begin to dissolve these veils,
revealing the core of our divine nature.

As we deepen our attachment to worldly matters, kleshas can obscure our
spiritual insights. Nischala Joy Devi describes this process, noting that
while the divine light may initially shine through, material investments
create thicker veils, dimming our awareness. However, the practice of yoga is
inherently designed to tackle these afflictions. Yoga encourages a shift in
perspective, guiding practitioners to recognize their spiritual essence
rather than their identification with transitory material existence.

In Sutra 2.10, Patanjali warns against confusing temporary clarity with
lasting transformation. The continuous pursuit of stability through yoga
allows practitioners to confront and dismantle their fears and attachments.
Gates highlights that this journey leads individuals to reconnect with their
true selves, often resulting in experiences of profound peace and a sense of
belonging within their own bodies and spirits.

Patanjali identifies five causes of pain—kleshas—that reside in the
mind of the seeker, often submerged like icebergs. As these afflictions
remain unaddressed, achieving peace becomes elusive. The yogic practice seeks
to still the mind, thereby reflecting the beauty of the Self, and the
constant engagement with the teachings of yoga aids in this journey. Iyengar
emphasizes that a tranquil mind reveals one’s true essence, a beauty that is
obscured by the disturbances of desire and distraction.

When kleshas resurface, practitioners should adopt reflective practices to
mitigate their impact. Such methods can include prayer, dialogues with
mentors, or other supportive activities that facilitate self-awareness and
growth. Patanjali offers various approaches throughout The Yoga Sutras to
assist seekers in overcoming these obstacles, encouraging an active and
personal exploration of one’s spiritual journey.

To delve deeper into the topic of kleshas and their significance in yoga
philosophy, readers can find additional information at
https://ashtanga.tech/study-guide/humanities/philosophy/kleshas-kriya-yoga/kleshas-introduction/.